diff --git lib/rubygems.rb lib/rubygems.rb
index 5cd1a4c47a..bc5bf9b4c2 100644
--- lib/rubygems.rb
+++ lib/rubygems.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 require 'thread'
 
 module Gem
-  VERSION = "2.6.11"
+  VERSION = "2.6.12"
 end
 
 # Must be first since it unloads the prelude from 1.9.2
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ def self.needs
 
   def self.finish_resolve(request_set=Gem::RequestSet.new)
     request_set.import Gem::Specification.unresolved_deps.values
+    request_set.import Gem.loaded_specs.values.map {|s| Gem::Dependency.new(s.name, s.version) }
 
     request_set.resolve_current.each do |s|
       s.full_spec.activate
diff --git lib/rubygems/commands/open_command.rb lib/rubygems/commands/open_command.rb
index a89b7421e3..059635e835 100644
--- lib/rubygems/commands/open_command.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/commands/open_command.rb
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def open_editor path
   end
 
   def spec_for name
-    spec = Gem::Specification.find_all_by_name(name, @version).last
+    spec = Gem::Specification.find_all_by_name(name, @version).first
 
     return spec if spec
 
diff --git lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb
index f25d120b88..70f8127292 100644
--- lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def execute
       name = Array(options[:name])
     else
       args = options[:args].to_a
-      name = options[:exact] ? args : args.map{|arg| /#{arg}/i }
+      name = options[:exact] ? args.map{|arg| /\A#{Regexp.escape(arg)}\Z/ } : args.map{|arg| /#{arg}/i }
     end
 
     prerelease = options[:prerelease]
diff --git lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb
index 9832afd214..7e46963a4c 100644
--- lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def add_source source_uri # :nodoc:
     source = Gem::Source.new source_uri
 
     begin
-      if Gem.sources.include? source_uri then
+      if Gem.sources.include? source then
         say "source #{source_uri} already present in the cache"
       else
         source.load_specs :released
diff --git lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb
index 35fe7c4c1a..d8314eaf60 100644
--- lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def find_name(full_name)
   end
 
   def inspect # :nodoc:
-    "#<%s:0x%x %p>" % [self.class, object_id, map { |s| s.full_name }]
+    "%s %p>" % [super[0..-2], map { |s| s.full_name }]
   end
 
   ##
diff --git lib/rubygems/installer.rb lib/rubygems/installer.rb
index f4d3e728de..967543c2d1 100644
--- lib/rubygems/installer.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/installer.rb
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def check_executable_overwrite filename # :nodoc:
 
       ruby_executable = true
       existing = io.read.slice(%r{
-          ^(
+          ^\s*(
             gem \s |
             load \s Gem\.bin_path\( |
             load \s Gem\.activate_bin_path\(
@@ -701,6 +701,8 @@ def verify_gem_home(unpack = false) # :nodoc:
   # Return the text for an application file.
 
   def app_script_text(bin_file_name)
+    # note that the `load` lines cannot be indented, as old RG versions match
+    # against the beginning of the line
     return <<-TEXT
 #{shebang bin_file_name}
 #
@@ -723,7 +725,12 @@ def app_script_text(bin_file_name)
   end
 end
 
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
 load Gem.activate_bin_path('#{spec.name}', '#{bin_file_name}', version)
+else
+gem #{spec.name.dump}, version
+load Gem.bin_path(#{spec.name.dump}, #{bin_file_name.dump}, version)
+end
 TEXT
   end
 
diff --git lib/rubygems/platform.rb lib/rubygems/platform.rb
index d22d91ae54..2dd9ed5782 100644
--- lib/rubygems/platform.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/platform.rb
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def initialize(arch)
   end
 
   def inspect
-    "#<%s:0x%x @cpu=%p, @os=%p, @version=%p>" % [self.class, object_id, *to_a]
+    "%s @cpu=%p, @os=%p, @version=%p>" % [super[0..-2], *to_a]
   end
 
   def to_a
diff --git lib/rubygems/security.rb lib/rubygems/security.rb
index 119d6d56f7..6963ca156f 100644
--- lib/rubygems/security.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/security.rb
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ def self.create_cert_self_signed subject, key, age = ONE_YEAR,
 
   ##
   # Creates a new key pair of the specified +length+ and +algorithm+.  The
-  # default is a 2048 bit RSA key.
+  # default is a 3072 bit RSA key.
 
   def self.create_key length = KEY_LENGTH, algorithm = KEY_ALGORITHM
     algorithm.new length
diff --git lib/rubygems/server.rb lib/rubygems/server.rb
index 81df0e608e..df4eb566d3 100644
--- lib/rubygems/server.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/server.rb
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ def root(req, res)
       "only_one_executable" => true,
       "full_name" => "rubygems-#{Gem::VERSION}",
       "has_deps" => false,
-      "homepage" => "http://docs.rubygems.org/",
+      "homepage" => "http://guides.rubygems.org/",
       "name" => 'rubygems',
       "ri_installed" => true,
       "summary" => "RubyGems itself",
diff --git lib/rubygems/specification.rb lib/rubygems/specification.rb
index a2f289d162..500f0af768 100644
--- lib/rubygems/specification.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/specification.rb
@@ -2105,7 +2105,7 @@ def inspect # :nodoc:
     if $DEBUG
       super
     else
-      "#<#{self.class}:0x#{__id__.to_s(16)} #{full_name}>"
+      "#{super[0..-2]} #{full_name}>"
     end
   end
 
diff --git lib/rubygems/test_case.rb lib/rubygems/test_case.rb
index 86b68e1efb..4e48f1eb4c 100644
--- lib/rubygems/test_case.rb
+++ lib/rubygems/test_case.rb
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ def git_gem name = 'a', version = 1
 
       system @git, 'add', gemspec
       system @git, 'commit', '-a', '-m', 'a non-empty commit message', '--quiet'
-      head = Gem::Util.popen('git', 'rev-parse', 'master').strip
+      head = Gem::Util.popen(@git, 'rev-parse', 'master').strip
     end
 
     return name, git_spec.version, directory, head
@@ -1498,6 +1498,8 @@ def self.key_path key_name
 begin
   gem 'rdoc'
   require 'rdoc'
+
+  require 'rubygems/rdoc'
 rescue LoadError, Gem::LoadError
 end
 
@@ -1514,3 +1516,4 @@ def self.key_path key_name
 pid = $$
 END {tmpdirs.each {|dir| Dir.rmdir(dir)} if $$ == pid}
 Gem.clear_paths
+Gem.loaded_specs.clear
diff --git test/rubygems/test_gem.rb test/rubygems/test_gem.rb
index a605f9cdfe..62b36dfd41 100644
--- test/rubygems/test_gem.rb
+++ test/rubygems/test_gem.rb
@@ -75,6 +75,29 @@ def test_self_finish_resolve_wtf
     end
   end
 
+  def test_self_finish_resolve_respects_loaded_specs
+    save_loaded_features do
+      a1 = new_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+      b1 = new_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
+      b2 = new_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
+      c1 = new_spec "c", "1"
+      c2 = new_spec "c", "2"
+
+      install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+
+      a1.activate
+      c1.activate
+
+      assert_equal %w(a-1 c-1), loaded_spec_names
+      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+
+      Gem.finish_resolve
+
+      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-1 c-1), loaded_spec_names
+      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_self_install
     spec_fetcher do |f|
       f.gem  'a', 1
@@ -492,7 +515,7 @@ def test_self_find_files_with_gemfile
     skip if RUBY_VERSION <= "1.8.7"
 
     cwd = File.expand_path("test/rubygems", @@project_dir)
-    $LOAD_PATH.unshift cwd
+    actual_load_path = $LOAD_PATH.unshift(cwd).dup
 
     discover_path = File.join 'lib', 'sff', 'discover.rb'
 
@@ -518,12 +541,12 @@ def test_self_find_files_with_gemfile
     expected = [
       File.expand_path('test/rubygems/sff/discover.rb', @@project_dir),
       File.join(foo1.full_gem_path, discover_path)
-    ]
+    ].sort
 
-    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files('sff/discover')
-    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files('sff/**.rb'), '[ruby-core:31730]'
+    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files('sff/discover').sort
+    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files('sff/**.rb').sort, '[ruby-core:31730]'
   ensure
-    assert_equal cwd, $LOAD_PATH.shift unless RUBY_VERSION <= "1.8.7"
+    assert_equal cwd, actual_load_path.shift unless RUBY_VERSION <= "1.8.7"
   end
 
   def test_self_find_latest_files
diff --git test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_open_command.rb test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_open_command.rb
index 3ec38972e6..a96fa6ea23 100644
--- test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_open_command.rb
+++ test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_open_command.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ def test_execute
     @cmd.options[:args] = %w[foo]
     @cmd.options[:editor] = "#{Gem.ruby} -e0 --"
 
-    spec = gem 'foo'
+    gem 'foo', '1.0.0'
+    spec = gem 'foo', '1.0.1'
     mock = MiniTest::Mock.new
     mock.expect(:call, true, [spec.full_gem_path])
 
diff --git test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_query_command.rb test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_query_command.rb
index 223f205b2d..d8d682b136 100644
--- test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_query_command.rb
+++ test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_query_command.rb
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ def test_execute_local_details
     assert_equal expected, @ui.output
   end
 
-  def test_execute_exact
+  def test_execute_exact_remote
     spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
       fetcher.spec 'coolgem-omg', 3
       fetcher.spec 'coolgem', '4.2.1'
@@ -665,6 +665,60 @@ def test_execute_exact
     assert_equal expected, @ui.output
   end
 
+  def test_execute_exact_local
+    spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
+      fetcher.spec 'coolgem-omg', 3
+      fetcher.spec 'coolgem', '4.2.1'
+      fetcher.spec 'wow_coolgem', 1
+    end
+
+    @cmd.handle_options %w[--exact coolgem]
+
+    use_ui @ui do
+      @cmd.execute
+    end
+
+    expected = <<-EOF
+
+*** LOCAL GEMS ***
+
+coolgem (4.2.1)
+    EOF
+
+    assert_equal expected, @ui.output
+  end
+
+  def test_execute_exact_multiple
+    spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
+      fetcher.spec 'coolgem-omg', 3
+      fetcher.spec 'coolgem', '4.2.1'
+      fetcher.spec 'wow_coolgem', 1
+
+      fetcher.spec 'othergem-omg', 3
+      fetcher.spec 'othergem', '1.2.3'
+      fetcher.spec 'wow_othergem', 1
+    end
+
+    @cmd.handle_options %w[--exact coolgem othergem]
+
+    use_ui @ui do
+      @cmd.execute
+    end
+
+    expected = <<-EOF
+
+*** LOCAL GEMS ***
+
+coolgem (4.2.1)
+
+*** LOCAL GEMS ***
+
+othergem (1.2.3)
+    EOF
+
+    assert_equal expected, @ui.output
+  end
+
   private
 
   def add_gems_to_fetcher
diff --git test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_sources_command.rb test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_sources_command.rb
index 014b4b4c12..d5b6d99419 100644
--- test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_sources_command.rb
+++ test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_sources_command.rb
@@ -108,6 +108,58 @@ def test_execute_add_redundant_source
     assert_equal '', @ui.error
   end
 
+  def test_execute_add_redundant_source_trailing_slash
+    # Remove pre-existing gem source (w/ slash)
+    repo_with_slash = "http://gems.example.com/"
+    @cmd.handle_options %W[--remove #{repo_with_slash}]
+    use_ui @ui do
+      @cmd.execute
+    end
+    source = Gem::Source.new repo_with_slash
+    assert_equal false, Gem.sources.include?(source)
+
+    expected = <<-EOF
+#{repo_with_slash} removed from sources
+    EOF
+
+    assert_equal expected, @ui.output
+    assert_equal '', @ui.error
+
+    # Re-add pre-existing gem source (w/o slash)
+    repo_without_slash = "http://gems.example.com"
+    @cmd.handle_options %W[--add #{repo_without_slash}]
+    use_ui @ui do
+      @cmd.execute
+    end
+    source = Gem::Source.new repo_without_slash
+    assert_equal true, Gem.sources.include?(source)
+
+    expected = <<-EOF
+http://gems.example.com/ removed from sources
+http://gems.example.com added to sources
+    EOF
+
+    assert_equal expected, @ui.output
+    assert_equal '', @ui.error
+
+    # Re-add original gem source (w/ slash)
+    @cmd.handle_options %W[--add #{repo_with_slash}]
+    use_ui @ui do
+      @cmd.execute
+    end
+    source = Gem::Source.new repo_with_slash
+    assert_equal true, Gem.sources.include?(source)
+
+    expected = <<-EOF
+http://gems.example.com/ removed from sources
+http://gems.example.com added to sources
+source http://gems.example.com/ already present in the cache
+    EOF
+
+    assert_equal expected, @ui.output
+    assert_equal '', @ui.error 
+  end
+
   def test_execute_add_http_rubygems_org
     http_rubygems_org = 'http://rubygems.org'
 
diff --git test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb
index 6ceb2c6dfc..882981d344 100644
--- test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb
+++ test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb
@@ -62,7 +62,12 @@ def test_app_script_text
   end
 end
 
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
 load Gem.activate_bin_path('a', 'executable', version)
+else
+gem "a", version
+load Gem.bin_path("a", "executable", version)
+end
     EOF
 
     wrapper = @installer.app_script_text 'executable'
diff --git test/rubygems/test_require.rb test/rubygems/test_require.rb
index dd606e44d4..936f78fb2a 100644
--- test/rubygems/test_require.rb
+++ test/rubygems/test_require.rb
@@ -301,6 +301,17 @@ def test_default_gem_only
     assert_equal %w(default-2.0.0.0), loaded_spec_names
   end
 
+  def test_realworld_default_gem
+    skip "no default gems on ruby < 2.0" unless RUBY_VERSION >= "2"
+    cmd = <<-RUBY
+      $stderr = $stdout
+      require "json"
+      puts Gem.loaded_specs["json"].default_gem?
+    RUBY
+    output = Gem::Util.popen(Gem.ruby, "-e", cmd).strip
+    assert_equal "true", output
+  end
+
   def test_default_gem_and_normal_gem
     default_gem_spec = new_default_spec("default", "2.0.0.0",
                                         nil, "default/gem.rb")