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To simplify the difference, I tested only running the target $(MAINOBJ) in uncommon.mk, adding the debug log below in uncommon.mk.

$(MAINOBJ): $(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)
    @echo "n: $(n)"
    @echo "V: $(V)"
    @echo "Q: $(Q)"
    @echo "ECHO1: $(ECHO1)"
    @echo "ECHO0: $(ECHO0)"
    @echo "ECHO: $(ECHO)"
    $(ECHO) compiling $(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)
    $(Q) $(CC) $(MAINCPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $(CSRCFLAG)$(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)

I executed as follows.

git clean -fdx
autoconf 
./configure

In the case of Q=, the compiling ./main.c is printed.

rm main.o
make Q= main.o 2>&1 | tee make_main_o_q_debug.log
n: :
V: 0
Q: 
ECHO1: 0
ECHO0: echo
ECHO: @echo
compiling ./main.c
gcc  -O3 -fno-fast-math -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Werror=deprecated-declarations -Werror=div-by-zero -Werror=duplicated-cond -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -Werror=implicit-int -Werror=misleading-indentation -Werror=pointer-arith -Werror=write-strings -Werror=old-style-definition -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable -Werror=undef -std=gnu99  -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector-strong -fno-strict-overflow -DRUBY_DEVEL=1 -fvisibility=hidden -fexcess-precision=standard -DRUBY_EXPORT -fPIE -I. -I.ext/include/x86_64-linux -I./include -I. -I./enc/unicode/14.0.0    -o main.o -c ./main.c

In the case of V=1, the compiling ./main.c is not printed.

rm main.o
make V=1 main.o 2>&1 | tee make_main_o_v1_debug.log
n: :
V: 1
Q: 
ECHO1: :
ECHO0: :
ECHO: @:
gcc  -O3 -fno-fast-math -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Werror=deprecated-declarations -Werror=div-by-zero -Werror=duplicated-cond -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -Werror=implicit-int -Werror=misleading-indentation -Werror=pointer-arith -Werror=write-strings -Werror=old-style-definition -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable -Werror=undef -std=gnu99  -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector-strong -fno-strict-overflow -DRUBY_DEVEL=1 -fvisibility=hidden -fexcess-precision=standard -DRUBY_EXPORT -fPIE -I. -I.ext/include/x86_64-linux -I./include -I. -I./enc/unicode/14.0.0    -o main.o -c ./main.c

The difference comes from the ECHO1 setting in Makefile.in. In my assumption on the line, if V equals 1 the ECHO1 is set as $n (= :), otherwise ECHO1 is set as the value of V. I couldn't find the this syntax in the GNU make official document.

https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/049303eff39d654f198b441e8e5f0f5b75a25e74/template/Makefile.in#L9

ECHO1 = $(V:1=$n)

So, my conclusion is the current logic for V and Q is intentional. And I would close this ticket.

So, my conclusion is the current logic for V and Q is intentional. And I would close this ticket.

Sorry for confusion. I changed my mind. I want to make V=1 print the logs like current Q=, because I think when users set make V=1, they expect verbose.

nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) wrote in #note-7:

Do not use Q=.
Q, Q1 and V1 are intermediate variables.
You may want to set ECHO0=echo unconditionally.

Thanks for the info. I see a little bit difference of printed logs between make Q=, make install Q= and make V=1 ECHO0=echo and make install V=1 ECHO0=echo. But that's fine with me. I will use the V=1 ECHO0=echo.