Project

General

Profile

Actions
Copy link

Bug #10019

closed

segmentation fault/buffer overrun in pack.c (encodes)

Added by wkwood (Will Wood) over 10 years ago. Updated over 5 years ago.

Status:
Closed
Assignee:
-
Target version:
-
ruby -v:
ruby 2.1.2p168 (2014-07-06 revision 46721) [i386-mingw32]
Backport:
2.0.0: REQUIRED, 2.1: DONE
[ruby-core:63604]

Description

While working with an AWS sample I hit a segmentation fault. The same sample works under 1.9.3. It appeared to be coming from pack.c function encodes. After looking at the source there's a 4K buffer allocated on the stack. I made a minor change to base the buffer length off of the incoming buffer length with a pad and allocate it off the heap. Anyway, after fixing this my code sample runs fine. I'm including a patch file and the sample code.

Files

Download all files
pack.patch (2.74 KB) pack.patch wkwood (Will Wood), 07/09/2014 02:35 PM
BucketTest.rb (326 Bytes) BucketTest.rb wkwood (Will Wood), 07/09/2014 02:38 PM
pack.c.patch (769 Bytes) pack.c.patch wkwood (Will Wood), 07/28/2014 02:47 PM
Actions
Copy link
 #1 [ruby-core:63609]

Updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) over 10 years ago

  • Status changed from Open to Feedback
  • Priority changed from Normal to 3

encodes() fills and flush buff gradually by the buffer size.
Could you show the message at the segmentation fault?

Anyway, your patch includes unnecessary garbage.

Actions
Copy link
 #2 [ruby-core:63624]

Updated by mtasaka (Mamoru TASAKA) over 10 years ago

Looking at encodes(), it seems at least when

Actions
Copy link
 #3 [ruby-core:63625]

Updated by mtasaka (Mamoru TASAKA) over 10 years ago

... and type is not 'u'.

Actions
Copy link
 #4 [ruby-core:63627]

Updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) over 10 years ago

But if tail_lf is 1, len is a multiple of 3, so it can't be 3070.

Actions
Copy link
 #5 [ruby-core:63628]

Updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) over 10 years ago

Am I missing something?

Actions
Copy link
 #6 [ruby-core:63638]

Updated by thoger (Tomas Hoger) over 10 years ago

Nobuyoshi Nakada wrote:

But if tail_lf is 1, len is a multiple of 3, so it can't be 3070.

len in encodes() can be anything between 1 and len from pack_pack() (which is a multiple of 3). It is possible to trigger mentioned off-by-one overflow one of the following ways:

  • the length of the input string is 3070 (or 3071) and count value for the m format directive is 3072 or more
  • count value for the m format directive is exactly 3072 and the length of the input string is n*3072 - 2 (or -1)

I.e.:

  • ["a"*3070].pack("m4000")
  • ["a"*(3072*3-2)].pack("m3072")

Depending on platform, compiler, compiler flags, ... this may or may not produce reliable crash.

Anyway, it's unclear if that is the problem observed by reporter. The aws-sdk and its dependencies only seem to use pack("m0"), which can not trigger this overflow.

Actions
Copy link
 #7 [ruby-core:63649]

Updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) over 10 years ago

  • Status changed from Feedback to Closed
  • % Done changed from 0 to 100

Applied in changeset r46778.

pack.c: fix buffer overrun

  • pack.c (encodes): fix buffer overrun by tail_lf. Thanks to
    Mamoru Tasaka and Tomas Hoger. [ruby-core:63604] [Bug #10019]
Actions
Copy link
 #8 [ruby-core:63666]

Updated by nagachika (Tomoyuki Chikanaga) over 10 years ago

  • Backport changed from 2.0.0: UNKNOWN, 2.1: UNKNOWN to 2.0.0: REQUIRED, 2.1: REQUIRED
Actions
Copy link
 #9 [ruby-core:63689]

Updated by nagachika (Tomoyuki Chikanaga) over 10 years ago

  • Backport changed from 2.0.0: REQUIRED, 2.1: REQUIRED to 2.0.0: REQUIRED, 2.1: DONE

Backported into ruby_2_1 branch at r46806.

Actions
Copy link
 #10 [ruby-core:63737]

Updated by rcvalle (Ramon de C Valle) over 10 years ago

It seems that the (off-by-one) issue is also present in Ruby 1.9.3, requiring a backport too.

It may also worth confirming with the reporter if he continues to observe the crash after adding the fix, since as Tomas analysis of aws-sdk gem and its dependencies indicates it's unlikely this issue is being caused by any of these gems. So, it may be the case the reporter may be referring to a different issue.

Actions
Copy link
 #11 [ruby-core:63882]

Updated by wkwood (Will Wood) over 10 years ago

After pulling the latest code, your fix still causes a seg fault. IMO you're still overrunning the buffer.

d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/base64.rb:38: [BUG] Segmentation fault
ruby 2.1.2p176 (2014-07-19 revision 46869) [i386-mingw32]

-- Control frame information -----------------------------------------------
c:0027 p:---- s:0143 e:000142 CFUNC  :pack
c:0026 p:0012 s:0139 e:000138 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/base64.rb:38
c:0025 p:0026 s:0135 e:000134 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/base.rb:
c:0024 p:0042 s:0129 e:000128 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb:59
c:0023 p:0019 s:0123 e:000119 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb:53
c:0022 p:0041 s:0116 e:000112 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb:47
c:0021 p:0100 s:0108 e:000107 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/client.rb:59
c:0020 p:0028 s:0103 e:000102 BLOCK  d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:492 [F
c:0019 p:---- s:0100 e:000099 CFUNC  :call
c:0018 p:0009 s:0097 e:000096 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/response.rb:175
c:0017 p:0066 s:0094 e:000093 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/response.rb:114
c:0016 p:---- s:0088 e:000087 CFUNC  :new
c:0015 p:0017 s:0085 e:000084 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:203
c:0014 p:0063 s:0079 E:0026bc BLOCK  d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:490
c:0013 p:0019 s:0073 e:000072 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:391
c:0012 p:0009 s:0066 E:000e6c BLOCK  d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:477
c:0011 p:0006 s:0064 e:000063 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:373
c:0010 p:0009 s:0058 E:001308 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:476
c:0009 p:0031 s:0052 e:000051 METHOD (eval):3
c:0008 p:0011 s:0046 e:000045 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/object_collection.
c:0007 p:0061 s:0042 e:000041 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/paginated_collecti
c:0006 p:0126 s:0034 E:0022dc METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/collection/with_
c:0005 p:0017 s:0023 e:000022 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/collection.rb:80
c:0004 p:0013 s:0018 E:000f04 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/collection.rb:47
c:0003 p:0014 s:0013 e:000012 METHOD d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/object_collection.
c:0002 p:0083 s:0008 E:001f5c EVAL   BucketCleaner.rb:13 [FINISH]
c:0001 p:0000 s:0002 E:0011c4 TOP    [FINISH]

BucketCleaner.rb:13:in `<main>'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/object_collection.rb:282:in `each'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/collection.rb:47:in `each'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/collection.rb:80:in `each_batch'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/collection/with_limit_and_next_token.rb:54:in `_each_
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/paginated_collection.rb:29:in `_each_item'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/object_collection.rb:295:in `list_request'
(eval):3:in `list_objects'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:476:in `client_request'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:373:in `return_or_raise'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:477:in `block in client_request'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:391:in `log_client_request'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:490:in `block (2 levels) in client_request'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:203:in `new_response'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:203:in `new'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/response.rb:114:in `initialize'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/response.rb:175:in `build_request'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/response.rb:175:in `call'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb:492:in `block (3 levels) in client_request'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/client.rb:59:in `sign_request'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb:47:in `sign_request'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb:53:in `authorization'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb:59:in `signature'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/base.rb:29:in `sign'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/base64.rb:38:in `encode64'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/base64.rb:38:in `pack'

-- C level backtrace information -------------------------------------------
C:\windows\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll(NtWaitForSingleObject+0xc) [0x770ccd7c]
C:\windows\SYSTEM32\KERNELBASE.dll(WaitForSingleObject+0x12) [0x74f1103d]
d:\ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32\bin\msvcrt-ruby210.dll(rb_vm_bugreport+0xf5) [0x6d3ade25]
d:\ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32\bin\msvcrt-ruby210.dll(rb_name_err_mesg_new+0x1de) [0x6d24eb3e]
d:\ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32\bin\msvcrt-ruby210.dll(rb_bug+0x2f) [0x6d24f8af]
d:\ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32\bin\msvcrt-ruby210.dll(rb_check_safe_str+0x170) [0x6d323fb0]
 [0x004011e6]
C:\windows\SYSTEM32\KERNELBASE.dll(UnhandledExceptionFilter+0x142) [0x74fc966d]
C:\windows\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll(LdrSetAppCompatDllRedirectionCallback+0x187b5) [0x77133894]

-- Other runtime information -----------------------------------------------

* Loaded script: BucketCleaner.rb

* Loaded features:

    0 enumerator.so
    1 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/enc/encdb.so
    2 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/enc/iso_8859_1.so
    3 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/enc/trans/transdb.so
    4 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/rbconfig.rb
    5 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/compatibility.rb
    6 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/defaults.rb
    7 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/deprecate.rb
    8 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/errors.rb
    9 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/version.rb
   10 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/requirement.rb
   11 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/platform.rb
   12 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/basic_specification.rb
   13 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/stub_specification.rb
   14 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/util/stringio.rb
   15 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/specification.rb
   16 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/exceptions.rb
   17 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb
   18 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_gem.rb
   19 thread.rb
   20 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/thread.so
   21 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/monitor.rb
   22 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb
   23 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems.rb
   24 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/path_support.rb
   25 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/dependency.rb
   26 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/set.rb
   27 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/digest.so
   28 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/digest.rb
   29 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/openssl.so
   30 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/openssl/bn.rb
   31 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/openssl/cipher.rb
   32 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/stringio.so
   33 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/openssl/config.rb
   34 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/openssl/digest.rb
   35 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/openssl/x509.rb
   36 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/openssl/buffering.rb
   37 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/fcntl.so
   38 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/openssl/ssl.rb
   39 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/openssl.rb
   40 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/securerandom.rb
   41 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri/common.rb
   42 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri/generic.rb
   43 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri/ftp.rb
   44 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri/http.rb
   45 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri/https.rb
   46 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri/ldap.rb
   47 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri/ldaps.rb
   48 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri/mailto.rb
   49 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/uri.rb
   50 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/socket.so
   51 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/socket.rb
   52 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/timeout.rb
   53 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/protocol.rb
   54 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/zlib.so
   55 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/exceptions.rb
   56 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/header.rb
   57 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/generic_request.rb
   58 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/request.rb
   59 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/requests.rb
   60 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/response.rb
   61 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/responses.rb
   62 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/proxy_delta.rb
   63 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http/backward.rb
   64 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/http.rb
   65 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/net/https.rb
   66 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/logger.rb
   67 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/http/connection_pool.rb
   68 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/pathname.so
   69 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/pathname.rb
   70 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/log_formatter.rb
   71 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/configuration.rb
   72 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/cloud_front/config.rb
   73 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/cloud_search/config.rb
   74 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/cloud_trail/config.rb
   75 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/cloud_watch/config.rb
   76 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/dynamo_db/config.rb
   77 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/ec2/config.rb
   78 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/emr/config.rb
   79 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/elasticache/config.rb
   80 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/glacier/config.rb
   81 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/rds/config.rb
   82 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/route_53/config.rb
   83 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/simple_email_service/config.rb
   84 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/sns/config.rb
   85 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/sqs/config.rb
   86 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/simple_workflow/config.rb
   87 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/simple_db/config.rb
   88 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/auto_scaling/config.rb
   89 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/cloud_formation/config.rb
   90 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/data_pipeline/config.rb
   91 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/direct_connect/config.rb
   92 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/elastic_beanstalk/config.rb
   93 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/iam/config.rb
   94 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/import_export/config.rb
   95 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/kinesis/config.rb
   96 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/ops_works/config.rb
   97 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/sts/config.rb
   98 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/storage_gateway/config.rb
   99 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/support/config.rb
  100 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/elb/config.rb
  101 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/elastic_transcoder/config.rb
  102 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/redshift/config.rb
  103 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/config.rb
  104 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core.rb
  105 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/exception.rb
  106 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/syntax_error.rb
  107 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/psych.so
  108 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/omap.rb
  109 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/set.rb
  110 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/class_loader.rb
  111 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/strscan.so
  112 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/scalar_scanner.rb
  113 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/nodes/node.rb
  114 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/nodes/stream.rb
  115 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/nodes/document.rb
  116 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/nodes/sequence.rb
  117 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/nodes/scalar.rb
  118 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/nodes/mapping.rb
  119 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/nodes/alias.rb
  120 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/nodes.rb
  121 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/streaming.rb
  122 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb
  123 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb
  124 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/visitors/emitter.rb
  125 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/handler.rb
  126 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/tree_builder.rb
  127 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb
  128 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/json/ruby_events.rb
  129 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb
  130 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/visitors/depth_first.rb
  131 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/visitors.rb
  132 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/parser.rb
  133 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/coder.rb
  134 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/core_ext.rb
  135 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/date_core.so
  136 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/date/format.rb
  137 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/date.rb
  138 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/deprecated.rb
  139 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/stream.rb
  140 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/json/yaml_events.rb
  141 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/json/tree_builder.rb
  142 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/json/stream.rb
  143 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych/handlers/document_stream.rb
  144 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/psych.rb
  145 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/yaml.rb
  146 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/rails.rb
  147 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws-sdk.rb
  148 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/service_interface.rb
  149 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/xml/grammar.rb
  150 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/lazy_error_classes.rb
  151 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/meta_utils.rb
  152 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/errors.rb
  153 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/errors.rb
  154 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3.rb
  155 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/inflection.rb
  156 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/json/version.rb
  157 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/ostruct.rb
  158 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/json/generic_object.rb
  159 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/json/common.rb
  160 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/enc/utf_16be.so
  161 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/enc/utf_16le.so
  162 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/enc/utf_32be.so
  163 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/enc/utf_32le.so
  164 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/json/ext/parser.so
  165 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/json/ext/generator.so
  166 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/json/ext.rb
  167 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/json.rb
  168 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/endpoints.rb
  169 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/time.rb
  170 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/credential_providers.rb
  171 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/http/net_http_handler.rb
  172 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/security.rb
  173 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/parseexception.rb
  174 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/formatters/default.rb
  175 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/formatters/pretty.rb
  176 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/node.rb
  177 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/child.rb
  178 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/parent.rb
  179 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/xmltokens.rb
  180 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/namespace.rb
  181 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/encoding.rb
  182 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/source.rb
  183 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/entity.rb
  184 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/attlistdecl.rb
  185 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/doctype.rb
  186 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/text.rb
  187 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/attribute.rb
  188 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/cdata.rb
  189 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/functions.rb
  190 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/syncenumerator.rb
  191 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/parsers/xpathparser.rb
  192 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/xpath_parser.rb
  193 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/xpath.rb
  194 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/element.rb
  195 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/xmldecl.rb
  196 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/comment.rb
  197 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/instruction.rb
  198 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/rexml.rb
  199 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/output.rb
  200 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/undefinednamespaceexception.rb
  201 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb
  202 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/parsers/streamparser.rb
  203 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/validation/validationexception.rb
  204 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/parsers/treeparser.rb
  205 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rexml/document.rb
  206 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/digest/md5.so
  207 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/base64.rb
  208 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/2.1/nokogiri.so
  209 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/version.rb
  210 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/syntax_error.rb
  211 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/pp/node.rb
  212 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/pp/character_data.rb
  213 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/pp.rb
  214 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/parse_options.rb
  215 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/sax/document.rb
  216 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/sax/parser_context.rb
  217 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/sax/parser.rb
  218 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/sax/push_parser.rb
  219 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/sax.rb
  220 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/node/save_options.rb
  221 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb
  222 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/attribute_decl.rb
  223 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/element_decl.rb
  224 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/element_content.rb
  225 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/character_data.rb
  226 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/namespace.rb
  227 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/attr.rb
  228 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/dtd.rb
  229 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/cdata.rb
  230 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/text.rb
  231 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/document.rb
  232 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/document_fragment.rb
  233 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/processing_instruction.rb
  234 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/node_set.rb
  235 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/syntax_error.rb
  236 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/xpath/syntax_error.rb
  237 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/xpath.rb
  238 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/xpath_context.rb
  239 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/builder.rb
  240 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/reader.rb
  241 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/notation.rb
  242 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/entity_decl.rb
  243 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/schema.rb
  244 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml/relax_ng.rb
  245 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xml.rb
  246 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xslt/stylesheet.rb
  247 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/xslt.rb
  248 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/entity_lookup.rb
  249 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/document.rb
  250 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/document_fragment.rb
  251 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/sax/parser_context.rb
  252 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/sax/parser.rb
  253 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/sax/push_parser.rb
  254 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/element_description.rb
  255 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/element_description_defaul
  256 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html.rb
  257 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/decorators/slop.rb
  258 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/css/node.rb
  259 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/css/xpath_visitor.rb
  260 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/i386-mingw32/racc/cparse.so
  261 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/racc/parser.rb
  262 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/css/parser_extras.rb
  263 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/css/parser.rb
  264 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/css/tokenizer.rb
  265 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/css/syntax_error.rb
  266 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/css.rb
  267 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri/html/builder.rb
  268 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.3.rc3-x86-mingw32/lib/nokogiri.rb
  269 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/deprecations.rb
  270 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/naming.rb
  271 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/client.rb
  272 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/data_options.rb
  273 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/cgi/core.rb
  274 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/cgi/util.rb
  275 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/cgi/cookie.rb
  276 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/cgi.rb
  277 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/uri_escape.rb
  278 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/client/xml.rb
  279 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/xml/parser.rb
  280 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/client.rb
  281 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/model.rb
  282 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/bucket_collection.rb
  283 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/acl_options.rb
  284 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/bucket.rb
  285 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/collection.rb
  286 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/collection/with_limit_and_next_token.rb
  287 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/paginated_collection.rb
  288 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/prefixed_collection.rb
  289 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/prefix_and_delimiter_collection.rb
  290 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/object_collection.rb
  291 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/async_handle.rb
  292 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/response.rb
  293 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/http/request.rb
  294 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/s3/request.rb
  295 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/version.rb
  296 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb
  297 d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/base.rb

[NOTE]
You may have encountered a bug in the Ruby interpreter or extension libraries.
Bug reports are welcome.
For details: http://www.ruby-lang.org/bugreport.html


This application has requested the Runtime to terminate it in an unusual way.
Please contact the application's support team for more information.
Actions
Copy link
 #12 [ruby-core:63886]

Updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) over 10 years ago

  • Status changed from Closed to Feedback
  • Priority changed from 3 to Normal

Will Wood wrote:

After pulling the latest code, your fix still causes a seg fault. IMO you're still overrunning the buffer.

d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/base.rb:29:in `sign'
d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/base64.rb:38:in `encode64'

Can't you show the argument to encode64?

Actions
Copy link
 #13 [ruby-core:63913]

Updated by thoger (Tomas Hoger) over 10 years ago

Will Wood wrote:

d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb:59:in `signature'

https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-ruby/blob/e243394/lib/aws/core/signers/s3.rb#l59

signature = Base.sign(credentials.secret_access_key, signature, 'sha1')

d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/aws-sdk-1.48.1/lib/aws/core/signers/base.rb:29:in `sign'

https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-ruby/blob/2feef15/lib/aws/core/signers/base.rb#L29

Base64.encode64(hmac(secret, string_to_sign, digest_method)).strip

where hmac() is:

https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-ruby/blob/2feef15/lib/aws/core/signers/base.rb#L38

def hmac key, value, digest = 'sha256'
    OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(OpenSSL::Digest.new(digest), key, value)
end

d:/ruby-2.1.2-i386-mingw32/lib/ruby/2.1.0/base64.rb:38:in `encode64'

http://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/branches/ruby_2_1/lib/base64.rb?revision=44340&view=markup#l38

[bin].pack("m")

Value passed to enode64() should be short, and of fixed size for a given digest method. For SHA-1, that's 20 bytes, hence output size is 28+1 bytes. That should be far from overflowing buff[4096].

Hence the minimal reproducer should be:

require 'openssl'
digest = OpenSSL::Digest.new('sha1')
hmac_val = OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(digest, 'secret', 'value')
print [hmac_val].pack('m')

As encodes() output size only depend on input size, and not input content, it should not matter what 'secret' and 'value' are.

Actions
Copy link
 #14 [ruby-core:63941]

Updated by wkwood (Will Wood) over 10 years ago

I agree the argument should be short. I'm working on it, but it's definitely strange. If I take the buffer and allocate it off the heap it's fine. Maybe it's a build
issue with RubyInstaller? Anyway, I'll poke around with and get back with you in a day or two.

Actions
Copy link
 #15 [ruby-core:64100]

Updated by wkwood (Will Wood) over 10 years ago

I took a look at it yesterday. Here's the issue. In the loop (len >= 3) you check to see if there's enough room in buff. Unfortunately if len < 3 we don't flush the buffer and then write additional bytes onto
the end without checking. I added a check to flush the buffer if len < 3 and then there's enough space on exiting the loop for the remaining bytes and padding including lf. The patch attached fixes the problem. You also don't need the + 1 byte or a 4K buffer either, your call but patch is 256 bytes for the buffer. I don't like large objects on the heap, that's just me. No seg faults for me and it works with this patch just fine. Also the rb_bug test at the end isn't necessary, your call if you want to remove it but it'll never get executed.

Actions
Copy link
 #16 [ruby-core:64103]

Updated by thoger (Tomas Hoger) over 10 years ago

Will Wood wrote:

Here's the issue. In the loop (len >= 3) you check to see if there's enough room in buff. Unfortunately if len < 3 we don't flush the buffer and then write additional bytes onto the end without checking.

The check at the end of each iteration of the while loop ensures that there are at least 4 bytes left in the buff. So there is enough space to write additional 4 output bytes for the remaining 1 or 2 input bytes with padding if 0 < len < 3. Only the additional '\n' written in the tail_lf == 1 case was not accounted for, and was addressed by the +1.

You also don't need the + 1 byte or a 4K buffer either, your call but patch is 256 bytes for the buffer.

Can you test with just one of the two changes - either force flush if len < 3, or reduce buff_size?

Actions
Copy link
 #17 [ruby-core:64104]

Updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) over 10 years ago

Tomas Hoger wrote:

Hence the minimal reproducer should be:

require 'openssl'
digest = OpenSSL::Digest.new('sha1')
hmac_val = OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(digest, 'secret', 'value')
print [hmac_val].pack('m')

I couldn't reproduce it with that code, can you?

Actions
Copy link
 #18

Updated by thoger (Tomas Hoger) over 10 years ago

Nobuyoshi Nakada wrote:

I couldn't reproduce it with that code, can you?

I can't, and I explained that the output of OpenSSL::HMAC.digest is way too short to fill or overflow buff[] in encodes(). It was added to make it possible for reporter to test if he can reproduce with it. No crash on that should indicate no issue in pack/encodes.

Will's attached patches suggest that moving buff from stack to heap, or significantly reducing its size solved the problem. Maybe 256 vs. 4096 is what makes a difference between exhausting and not exhausting all stack memory in his use case?

Actions
Copy link
 #19 [ruby-core:64127]

Updated by wkwood (Will Wood) over 10 years ago

Well the reproducibility issue appears to be a toolset problem. If I build with -O2 the code works fine. I think ultimately the optimizations (O3) for gcc 4.7.2 at least with the mingw toolset are causing the issue here for windows. I've subsequently built with the mingw 4.9.1 toolset and it works fine with O3, so I guess there's a 4.7.2 gcc bug that's in the way here.

Actions
Copy link
 #20 [ruby-core:64153]

Updated by pwann (Poul Wann Jensen) over 10 years ago

This crash only triggers with FORTIFY_SOURCE. When calling rb_str_buf_cat at the end of encodes for the situation where the len variable ends up as 4. As in the example in ["a"(30723-2)].pack("m3072"). This causes 1 byte corruption of the stack, triggering __fortify_fail at the epiloque of rb_str_buf_cat and the rb_bug will never be executed in this case, unless it is compiled without FORTIFY_SOURCE.

Stack canary protection on Windows should produce the same crash I suspect, but this was tested on GCC 4.8.2.

Actions
Copy link
 #21 [ruby-core:64184]

Updated by thoger (Tomas Hoger) over 10 years ago

This seems to be getting off-topic, so just few quick notes:

  • It seems -fstack-protector* (SSP) is what is referred to in the previous comment, not FORTIFY_SOURCE.
  • If there is encodes()'s buff[] overflow, it corrupts encodes()'s SSP cookie, that is only checked on exit from encodes(). rb_str_buf_cat() called from encodes() after overflow does not matter, as it may or may not have it's own SSP cookie, that is checked at its exit, and that's not corrupted by buff[] overflow. So the check leading to rb_bug() is still expected to happen, as the corrupted SSP cookie is only checked later.
  • The first byte of the SSP cookie is expected to be '\0' on e.g. recent Linux systems (https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10149). Hence off-by-one overflow with '\0' would not be detected.
Actions
Copy link
 #22 [ruby-core:64186]

Updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) over 10 years ago

Tomas Hoger wrote:

encodes() does uuencode and mime-encode, so never writes '\0'.

Actions
Copy link
 #23 [ruby-core:64187]

Updated by thoger (Tomas Hoger) over 10 years ago

Nobuyoshi Nakada wrote:

encodes() does uuencode and mime-encode, so never writes '\0'.

Sorry, my bad - I already forgot it was '\n' that was written out of bounds, not '\0'.

Actions
Copy link
 #24 [ruby-core:64188]

Updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) over 10 years ago

(2014/07/31 1:48), wrote:

Well the reproducibility issue appears to be a toolset problem. If I build with -O2 the code works fine. I think ultimately the optimizations (O3) for gcc 4.7.2 at least with the mingw toolset are causing the issue here for windows. I've subsequently built with the mingw 4.9.1 toolset and it works fine with O3, so I guess there's a 4.7.2 gcc bug that's in the way here.

Couldn't you try the trunk?

Actions
Copy link
 #25

Updated by jeremyevans0 (Jeremy Evans) over 5 years ago

  • Status changed from Feedback to Closed
Actions
Copy link

Also available in: Atom PDF

Like0
Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0Like0